Each housing building requires heating when temperature falls below 10°C/50°F.
More advanced housing buildings require less heating energy per villager.
Resources that can be used for heating in order in which these will be used:
Housing appears to consume between 1.6-2.1 heating energy per day per building (0.1 per deg °C below +10).
(calculation performed using 7 log houses, with data taken every few days after 30 days of winter. vast majority showed 27-30 units of fuel consumed per 30 day reporting period, with some spikes up to 36 every so often)
(second data set performed using one hut and one house, consumption between 1.65 and 2.01 per day)